A fourth-grade teacher approaches the school psychologist to discuss Ben, who has difficulty initiating writing assignments to the point where his grades are falling. The psychologist suggests that Ben might benefit from working with a small group to practice using graphic organizers. This instructional strategy is referred to as

• A. Direct instruction
• B. Flipped classroom
• C. Cooperative learning
• D. Individualized instruction

Answer: (C)

Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups toward a shared goal, with each member contributing and learning from others. In this case, Ben would benefit from practicing with graphic organizers in a small group, allowing peers to model strategies, give feedback, and provide scaffolding as he plans and begins writing. The social interaction and structured collaboration help him initiate tasks by making the writing process more concrete and supported, which can build confidence and a sense of accountability within the group. This approach emphasizes joint effort and interdependence, rather than a purely teacher-led presentation or a one-on-one tutoring format. Direct instruction would be more teacher-centered and less about peer interaction; a flipped classroom rearranges where content is learned versus practiced; and individualized instruction focuses on one-on-one support. Therefore, the strategy described aligns with cooperative learning, where students work together to practice and internalize writing strategies in a supportive group setting.